Although subcutaneous catheter drainage

Catheters easy to build. Fenestrations is

easily created, leaving anhiokateter were stylette

and using a scalpel blade to create holes. To increase the stiffness of the catheter

, fenestrations are created in a spiral.

PVPyod swab is used to prepare the skin and, if desired, >> << small amount of local anesthetic may be used. The site of insertion

2 to 3 cm from the side mezhklyuchichnyy line compared to the third rib. Catheter inserted into the

45b medial angle to the tip about

0. 5 to 1 cm deep into the skin, which was enhanced by

subcutaneous emphysema. Angle of insertion then decreases

and catheter directed medially, that it is fully inserted

and the tip is about 1 to 1. 5 cm deep into the skin. For subsequent patients, the catheter was not stitched in place, but

was held in place with 2-t-2-inch gauze pad is at the end

in the catheter that allows for the free exit from subcutaneous

air. With caution should be used to keep the catheter clean and >> << first sign of any infection the catheter should be removed (new >> << catheter can be placed in a new location if necessary) . The patient described here had numerous chest tubes are located and

refused further insertions. It is likely that air leakage is solved on

about time that the subcutaneous catheter were placed. This

Interestingly, pneumothorax, and decided after placement

with subcutaneous catheter. Catheters are working >> << support portal for air to exit from a clearly defined plane of tissue. Although subcutaneous catheter drainage of pleural air in a >> << and subcutaneous air, the process resolved much faster

, than we expected or condition. The next >> << patients with the continuing leakage of air, we found that catheters

improve subcutaneous emphysema, but may not improve

pneumothorax. The mechanism of pulmonary interstitial emphysema, pnevmomediastinuma,

, and subcutaneous emphysema was studied experimentally

. In studies of various diseases and

in animal models have demonstrated that air leakage from

alveoli rupture in loose connective tissue surrounding the pulmonary vascular >> << and tracks along the perivascular space

mediastinum. In this classic work

authors failed to demonstrate the presence of air along perybronhialnyh cover >> <<, by lymphatic or along the walls of the secondary particles >>. << They also thought that even in a >> << iatrogenic pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema pnevmomediastinuma

, likely the result of pulmonary interstitial emphysema >> << than the direct movement of air from the pleural cavity with subparietal

space through a gap in the parietal pleura. For output

air, then tracks of the mediastinum in free subcutaneous tissue,

cause subcutaneous emphysema.

Several methods have been used to treat subcutaneous emphysema

, many of which are invasive and uncomfortable, and can themselves cause

subcutaneous emphysema. These include

subclavian cuts

extra >> << chest tubes or vnutryplevralnoe space or subcutaneously

,

Tracheostomy, and

large diameter hypodermic treatment with or without absorption. The catheter described here does not require incisions do not require

absorption, and are less likely to produce a scar than >> << previously described methods. Although we have not experienced problems with

catheter described here, there are two potential problems. First

infection, and the second is that the catheter may become blocked

levels. As the catheter is easily replaced in >> << some other place, our policy is to replace the catheter

at the first sign of any problem. Subcutaneous emphysema, even in severe, often nothing more

serious than cosmetic problems. Of course, you can do care

difficult because the patient may develop dysphagia or

vision through peryorbytalnoy tumors, as well as our patient. More serious complications are rare. These complications include >> << respiratory failure, pacemaker malfunction

airway compromise, and

voltage phenomena. In these conditions, catheter

described here, or other previously described methods

to use lasix drug reactions quickly. Simplicity of construction >> << catheter described here will allow doctors to treat subcutaneous emphysema

early in their course and avoid severe complications. Thus, we describe just built a catheter that can be used for

subcutaneous emphysema. This is done with equipment that is available >> << to most hospital wards and can be easily placed on the doctor at the bedside >>. << The goal is to reduce discomfort and to prevent >> << complications associated with subcutaneous emphysema. .

Osteoporosis is a &quot;silent disease&quot;

First of its kind in the country, Center for prevention of osteoporosis in HSS was established to prevent and treat osteoporosis. Congress recognized as a model for other organizations to follow, is the only center in New York, part of the New York State Osteoporosis Prevention Education Program. This is a disease in which bones become less dense and more fragile, thereby increasing the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is a "silent disease" because there are no furosemide warning signs or symptoms until fractures occur. In the United States alone, an estimated 1. 5000000 fractures each year is associated with low bone density. The risk of osteoporosis is not attributable exclusively to women

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Osteoporosis is often perceived as a condition that occurs only in older women. However, people can get it, and young people can, too. Osteoporosis is a disease that causes thinning of the bones, making them susceptible to fractures. This can lead to problems in any age. The good news is that in some cases, osteoporosis can be prevented. Getting to know the causes of osteoporosis in young women is the first step. If risk factors are present, preventive measures can be taken. Osteoporosis occurs when the level of estrogen in the body drop. Since estrogen is to protect bones, low level can lead to brittle bones. In older women, it occurs naturally with age. In young women, this decrease in estrogen can happen if the menstrual cycle is irregular or if it stops completely, a condition called amenorrhea, says the National Fund for osteoporosis. Menstrual cycle may be interrupted due to more exercise, diet or extreme low body weight support. Female athletes and those with anorexia nervosa or bulemia are at highest risk. Surgical induced menopause can also cause this condition in young women. According to the National Institutes of Health, with a diet low in calcium, the body begins to break down bone to get the calcium it needs. This can lead to osteoporosis. This is especially important for young women who are still developing bone mass to about 30 years. If calcium is being taken from the bones before they reached their peak bone mass, complications may arise. The warning sign is often stress fractures or other breaks in young women. In addition to calcium, the body needs sufficient vitamin D, to help the body absorb calcium. If osteoporosis is suspected, a doctor or nutritionist can recommend the necessary amount of calcium and vitamin D, depending on age, activity level and overall health in general. Kreyton University Osteoporosis Research Center said that any conditions which may occur in young women and drugs related to them may contribute to the development of osteoporosis. This includes cancer and cancer treatment, both of which can lead to brittle bones. Such conditions as multiple sclerosis, lupus, emphysema, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis often require prolonged lasix mg iv use of corticosteroids, which can affect bone strength. Diabetes and thyroid disease can cause loss of bone density. Preparations for the treatment of heart disease and seizures may prevent calcium and vitamin D absorption. If any of these conditions or if any of the above drugs prescribed, regular bone density test should be done. In some cases, the cause of osteoporosis in children is an unknown reason, says the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Osteoporosis can strike as early as 7 years. However, as adults, some behaviors may increase the risk in young women. Along with poor diet, lack of weight-bearing exercise, smoking and excessive alcohol can rob all bone strength. In children and adolescents, be alert for pain in lower back, hips and legs, loss of height, frequent fractures, rounded upper back and trouble walking. In some cases, the condition improves by itself, while other cases require treatment. Article reviews Andrea Reuter Last Updated: May 5, 2010

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Women and men older than 20 years may prevent

Like muscle, bone tissue that responds to exercise by becoming stronger.

Young women and men who exercise regularly generally achieve greater peak bone mass - max >> << and strength - than those who do not exercise. Typically, the bone mass peak in the third decade of life. After this time, we may begin to lose bone. Women and men older than 20 lasix heart rate years may prevent bone loss and regular exercise. This allows you to keep muscle strength, coordination and balance, which in turn helps prevent falls and fractures. This is especially important for older people and people who have been diagnosed with osteoporosis. .

In this paper we propose a new method based

In this paper we propose a new method based on objective measurements to describe emphysema according to CT in patients who are candidates

LVRS. The method allows to surgically oriented classification in categories that markedly heterogeneous emphysema

, moderately heterogeneous emphysema, emphysema and uniform taken from buckets etc.

installation of the upper or lower proportion of the prevalence and comparison of left and right lung . Over the past few years, LVRS has received great interest as a palliative treatment in patients with severe pulmonary emphysema >>. << Results of many studies have shown symptomatic and functional improvement after this procedure. Despite the documented

improvements in average physiological values ​​after the procedure, unclear why some patients have significant >> << improve their basic clinical symptoms as a result of LVRS, while others do not. This may be a reflection of a heterogeneous population of patients >> <<, differences in selection criteria, different surgical techniques, or change in the description of emphysema can be

factor. There is no consensus on the radiological classification of emphysema morphology. System reassessment and moderate

interobserver agreement could lead to violations of subjective visual grading of emphysema. Therefore, objective methods should be better to achieve precise, reader independent quantitative emphysema. Many authors claim that heterogeneity is one of the best harbingers of improvement. This may be correct. However, some surgeons operate on patients with homogeneous emphysema, and advise the postoperative improvement

This group of patients. Questions BЂњWhat is uneven distribution of emphysema? BЂ "noted an editorial in Austin. also emphasized the problem in the last edition. Because the methodology for the assessment of heterogeneity in emphysema, a description of results

changing. For example, Wisser and others

used the term homogeneous emphysema, unlike the term bullous emphysema, while others use it for emphysema without heterogeneity. comparison evaluation of heterogeneity of 0 to 4 in one area with those in another, while others >> << compared the differences in the area

for example, heavily damaged areas of the region of light emphysema. In addition, comparison of differences in the degree of emphysema among

adjacent segments was used. Various quantitative CT measurements were also used, since the rate of SD medium light weakening

for more complex mathematical models. In this study, to model for classification of emphysema heterogeneity offered. Our model not only

objectively calculated, but also due to the surgically relevant morphologic types of emphysema and allows the department

left and right lung, and upper and lower lobes with a predominance of emphysema. Despite the detection of lasix 60 mg iv different types of emphysema morphology

left and right lung is common (

) in this group of patients is, as far as we know, are not reported in the study of postoperative outcome. We do not know whether they are

accepted for unilateral LVRS or they will be rejected. One problem in this study was the lack BЂњgold standardBЂ "of emphysema heterogeneity. We decided to develop our classification

model in two stages: first, a model based on 45 patients, and evaluate the classification for more

21 patients. The intention with our method is to create a model applicable in clinical practice. The only necessary equipment >> << this software for the quantitative measurement of CT and linear regression analysis. Type CT unit, the algorithm, the thickness of cut, the software for measuring EI, and the threshold for EI, which are used, however, >> << are important factors that affect both the slope, K, E, and therefore, classification. Each investigator must establish, in accordance with their terms, their level and to EI difference. Definitions >> << K and EI difference for the three types of emphysema heterogeneity in this study may be valid only for

, combination of these factors in our study. Thus, the model should be considered as a method in principle. The purpose of the classification of emphysema distribution presented here may or may facilitate the selection of patients for LVRS,

and comparison between different studies. The final value of our model in the selection of patients and correlation with postoperative results

still not proven. . << >>

But after menopause, bone loss in women ...

There is no single cause of osteoporosis. Our bodies constantly build new bone and remove old bone. In childhood, more bone is built than removed, so bones grow in size. After 30 years or 40, however, cells that build new bone to keep up with those that remove bone. The total number of bones, then decreases, and osteoporosis may result. The average rate of buy lasix online bone loss in men and women who have not yet reached menopause, low. But after menopause, bone loss accelerates in women an average of one to two percent per year. This is because after menopause, the level of female hormone estrogen

in women dramatically reduced. Estrogen protects the frame, helping to form the bone tissue cells continue to operate. After menopause, when the level decreases, part of this protection is lost. .